Borders A Way Of Marking Territory, By Donella H. Meadows

Borders are arbitrary, and only have power if we, as humans, give them power. As Donella H. Meadows discusses, we’ve created borders as a way of marking territory, but in reality, they are little more than human distinctions. The subjectivity of borders is also enforced through how rapidly they change through happenings such as climate change and governmental decisions. Even so, we as an international community place a vast amount of importance on these political lines to the extent that we’ve allowed migration to become something challenging and often dangerous to do. People migrate for a multitude of reasons, including but not limited to: moving from a developing country to a developed country, moving from a place where their human rights are being violated, moving for jobs and money earning opportunities, moving away from internal conflict and war, and moving from areas affected by natural disasters. Recently, there has been an influx of people migrating to Europe, and the continent has been affectively transformed from a place of emigration to a place of immigration. Many of the migrants who want to enter into Europe are moving in an attempt to escape the harsh post-colonial way of life in Northern Africa, and in order to find a way to earn a living. Migrants make treacherous journeys, often risking their lives, in the hopes of crossing borders and improving their circumstances, but often find that the outcome is not what they were looking for. The European Union

Quantitative Methods in Decsion Making Essay - 1584 Words

Decision Making Betty Pittman Grand Canyon University Quantitative Methods November 16, 2011 Decision Making Analytics competitors are leaders in their varied fields consumer products, finance, retail, and entertainment. For organizations to become and prosper as an analytics competitor they must use analytics data because many industries offer similar products and use comparable technologies, business processes are among the last remaining points of differentiation. And analytics competitors use every possible analytics value from these processes. In order for organizations to prosper they must know what products their customers want, what prices those customers will pay, how many items each will buy†¦show more content†¦Quantitative analysis can allow decision maker to put a â€Å"price† on the sum total of qualitative characteristics. For example, suppose Air Trans’ controller gives top management a quantitative analysis showing that by the elimination of the flight to Rome will increase annual profits by $2,000,000. But the quantitative considerati ons favor the option of continuing the Rome flight. If the top managers decided to continue the flight to Rome, the quantitative consideration must be worth at least $2,000,000 to them. The quantitative consideration is the essence of management decision making process. The skill, experience, judgment, and ethical standards of managers all come to bear on difficult choices. In reading this article and other articles I’ve learned there are three criteria that stood out for me that played an important role in quantitative analysis when decision are to be made and they are relevance, accuracy, information that is pertinent to a decision problem must also be accurate, or it will be of little use. In other words, highly accurate but irrelevant data are of no value to top management when making decisions. Timeliness is the third important criterion for determining the usefulness of information. A long wait for accurate information can delay management’s decision. The views t hat I have formulated from reading these articles has supplemented the views I have about quantitativeShow MoreRelatedMarket Research2682 Words   |  11 PagesA1697509 By : Bryan Phua A1697509 | Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. BUSINESS OBJECTIVE 2 2.1. Research Parameters 2 3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH (FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEWS) 3 3.1. Purpose 3 3.2. Sampling 3 3.3. Procedure 4 4. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES) 4 4.1 Purpose 4 4.2 Sampling 5 4.3 Procedure 6 5. DATA ANALYSIS 6 6. TIMELINE 7 7. APPENDICES 8 1. INTRODUCTION Palmer’s is one of the world’s leading brands in skincare - sold in moreRead MoreAdaptation vs. Standardization in International Marketing – the Country-of-Origin Effect9552 Words   |  39 Pagessuggests that companies make contingency choices, which relate to key determinants in each circumstance. This research aims to investigate the practical complex relationship of the two extreme approaches (adaptation and standardization) and suggest methods and ways in determining the right level of integration. This will increase the understanding and knowledge of the integrated approach and develop models to guide multinational companies compete effectively and efficiently within the internationalRead MoreCase Study Questions On Marketing Process Essay9933 Words   |  40 Pagescustomers. The Various Stages of the Market Process are as follows: 1. SITUATION ANALYSIS 2. MARKET STRATERGY 3. MARKETING MIX DESCIONS 4. IMPLEMENTATION 5. CONTROL The Market Process involves extensive research (Primary, Secondary, Qualitative and Quantitative) which is important in understanding the required needs, features and specs of customers. The various types of research undertaken are as follows: PRIMARY RESEARCH: Primary Research is current and unused research which is undertaken in collecting

Colon Cancer Treatment and Prevention Free Essays

As representatives of the citizens of New York State, we have a responsibility to ensure that everyone has access to the highest quality health care possible. As a State Senator. I have worked aggressively to fight for increased funding for cancer education and prevention, and to improve and expand health care coverage and treatment, including legislation we are working hard to approve — the Women†s Health and Wellness Act — which would expand treatment and prevention services and insurance coverage for breast cancer and other illnesses facing women in particular. We will write a custom essay sample on Colon Cancer Treatment and Prevention or any similar topic only for you Order Now Colon cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer deaths, followed only by lung cancer. This year, 130,200 Americans will be diagnosed with colon cancer. Nearly half, 56,300, will die from it. Focusing on expanding treatment and coverage for colon cancer is of critical importance in our continued efforts to provide greater access to preventative health care for all citizens. Because early detection is the key in fighting colon cancer and many other illnesses, it is critically important that we continue to educate people on how they can help to prevent colon cancer – by getting a colon cancer screenings like colonoscopies. Many people are apprehensive about the test itself, which is why we must continue to advocate for quality education and prevention services. One tremendous resource we have here in our region, right here in Rochester, is the University of Rochester†s Institute of Biomedical Sciences where scientists work diligently everyday to help find more effective ways to fight cancer. As the senior member of the Rochester State Legislative Delegation, I worked with my colleagues and Governor Pataki to secure $7 million in State assistance for the Institute and will continue to fight to support these important and life-saving endeavors. Certainly I support providing our health care consumers with greater access to prevention services and more expansive insurance coverage for colon cancer treatments and would encourage everyone interested in this issue to contact their State representatives to share their views and concerns. How to cite Colon Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Papers

Common Courtesy by A Day To Remember free essay sample

Common Courtesy Album Review The Pop-punk band of Ocala Florida,A Day To Remember(ADTR), released their 7th studio album on October 8th, 2013. This album, Common Courtesy, was long anticipated by fans, including myself, for many reasons. The â€Å"theme† of the album is never giving up and dealing with all the â€Å"crap† that life throws at you, and when people judge you, hurt you, or neglect you, as long as you stay true to your dreams and yourself you will prevail. The songs City Of Ocala. Right Back At It Again, Dead And Buried, Best Of Me, Sometimes You’re The Hammer Sometimes You’re The Nail, and Violence (Enough Is Enough) best demonstrate a strong emphasis on the â€Å"theme.† The First half of the album is mostly hard-core, fast beats and melodies. Best Of Me best shows the fast paced, dirty side of the band in this album. The second half of the album is a more slower side but still great nonetheless, it has one or two acoustic songs that reflect the softer side of AD TR. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Courtesy by A Day To Remember or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With both sides of the album it feels like you’re part of the bands’ personal issues that they write about. The sequence at which the album would go is: knowing where you came from, putting up with others that doubt you, giving in to temptation and eventually fighting the haters, and after the fight thinking over what happened and realizing that fighting wasnt the right route to take to resolve this. My personal favorite song on the album is Sometime You’re The Hammer Sometimes You’re The Nail, the fast-paced guitar riffs with the edgy voice of Jeremy make for a great song. If I was to rate the album I would probably give it eight out of ten, mostly cause I am not that impressed with the slower songs,but that’s just me. I encourage everyone, whether you are into pop-punk or not, to listen to this album with an open mind and try to find something you like in it. You can buy this album for $8 at Target, Best Buy, or on Itunes.

Government Workers free essay sample

Thics and Governance (Aspire AS) Part 2 Whistle Blowing and Ethics (Very Important for upcoming examination) How can government encourage whistle blowing? In an article about whistle blowing in a business context , Lilanthi Ravishankar makes a useful distinction between external and internal whistle blowing. She argues that companies should encourage internal whistle blowing so that problems are solved within the organization before employees feel they must go outside to get action. The same is true for government bodies, which need to know about problems early† efore illegal contracts must be renegotiated or aquifers have been polluted or the publics money has been squandered or unethical behavior has become front-page news. She makes several suggestions about how to encourage internal whistle blowing in companies. We repeat some of them here, with slight modifications for a government context: Create a policy about reporting illegal or unethical practices, which should include: Formal mechanisms for reporting violations, such as hotlines and mailboxesy Clear communications about the process of voicing concerns, such as a specific chain f command, or the identification of a specific person to handle complaints Clear communications about bans on retaliation Get endorsement of the policy from top officials†mayor, manager, councilmembers, boards†and publicize the organizations commitment to the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Government Workers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Elected and administrative leadership must encourage ethical behavior and hold everyone within the organization to the highest standards, including the disclosure of activities that would have a negative impact on the publics business. Investigate and follow up romptly on all allegations of misconduct. Report on these investigations to the council or board. What ethical dilemmas does whistle blowing present? When a person encounters wrongdoing in the public sphere, his or her first step should probably be to use the organizations internal whistle blowing mechanisms. William Black, professor of law and economics at University of Missouri-Kansas City, was himself a whistle blower when he worked as a Savings and Loan regulator in the 1980s. During a term as visiting scholar at the Ethics Center, he wrote about his experience: Whistle blowers in the public sector often face the unique problem that their disclosure may constitute a crime. This can create an ethical dilemma when the ongoing misconduct is severe and there is no reasonable prospect that the abuse will end absent blowing the whistle. would still recommend trying to get the committees and/or inspector general) to take action first unless the threat to public safety was imminent. All government bodies should have fairly straightforward lines of authority. For example, if a councilperson has a problem with city staff, he or she ould go to the city manager. If an employee of the water district sees wrongdoing, he or she would start with a supervisor and move up the chain of command, and so f orth. Its always best to start with the mechanisms the organization has set up to deal with problems because these represent the best chance at an amicable solution. If this process does not produce results, however, its not enough to say, Well, I did my best. If wrongdoing is not being addressed within the organization, it may be time to move outside†to the district attorney, the grand Jury, or to the press. Kirk Hanson, Ethics Center executive director, and Jerry Ceppos, former vice president/news, Knight-Ridder, have written on the ethics of leaking information to the press and suggest these The first thing a potential leaker should ask is the status of the information itself. Is the information classified, proprietary, or otherwise protected? Is there a system in place which clearly considers this information restricted? If the information is clearly intended to be protected, then the leaker must meet a stiff test if he or she wants to leak it. The second consideration is whether the otential leaker has a specific obligation, legal or ethical, to protect the information, or has the information only because another person violated his or her obligation to keep it secret. If so, then it is a much more serious matter to reveal it. The third consideration is whether the information is about public or private matters. Information about anothers sexual orientation, about his or her private finances, or about personal phone calls has more of a claim to privacy than information about a persons actions as a corporate executive or a government official. The difficult cases, f course, are those where thanson and Ceppos also argue that potential leakers must assess the good and harm their leak may do. When lives are at stake or millions of public dollars are being misappropriated, those concerns for the public good trump the harm to personal privacy or government secrecy. e private life of individuals arguably influences their public actions. On the other hand, a leaker must determine if the conduct he or she is exposing represents actual wrongdoing or if it is simply represents a policy disagreement. Of course, much of the publics business hould be debated in public, and speaking up about disagreements on most issues is not only acceptable but also desirable. Closed-door sessions, however, are secret for a reason. Revelations about a citys interest in a particular piece of property may boost the price of that parcel. Exposure of sensitive information about a hiring or firing decision may needlessly cause harm to an individual. As much as council or board members views may differ on these issues, they should remain secret if the problem does not rise to the level of misconduct. Top of Form

DNA essays

DNA essays I am going to write about if Law Enforcement should team up with doctors to try and make society a safer and better place. There are three main things I am going to talk about proving a good idea: although Mary Faith ( A professor of Kansas medical center) had to say it was bad, getting DNA on newborns, therefore why would it be wrong to know your medical history. First I would like to write about how its a good idea for doctors and law enforcement to team up. Look at the potential DNA has to offer in solving a crime it is unbelievable. With the little amount needed to prove the conviction of a guilty party. There is nothing wrong with taking DNA from a criminal and keeping it on record, even if its from just a violent offender. There isnt anything immoral, or unethical if you are truly rehabilitated. Also with all knowledge of a sexual predator to be public knowledge to be known, according to Megans Law. Next I would like to put my emphasis on how good of an idea it is to take DNA from a newborn, unlike Mary. Whats wrong with taking DNA from a newborn and keeping a database, maybe and hopefully, it could deter and slow down crime in the United States. I mean DNA is everywhere in a crime scene a piece of hair, drop of blood, a piece of skin under the victims fingernails, or the semen of a male taken from a female. Its a good idea in my opinion to get a jump-start to stop crime in the next generation. Also I would like to talk about even if it was possible, which its not according to Charles Tindall, to know of a disease or a paternity result. What would be wrong with that? Personally I would like to know whom my father and or child is, or if I could have any chance of dying anytime soon. It would be great knowledge to know this kind of information in a pure society. this is a good idea it has its advantages that out way the disadvantages from the article, to ...

Commentary for Plato,s allegory of the cave Essay

Commentary for Plato,s allegory of the cave - Essay Example Being a Greek philosopher of his era, Plato adopts a common way to narrate the story through series of conversations between Socrates – his mentor, and Glaucon – a student. In the dialogue, Socrates instructs his student to imagine a cave, where prisoners are held. They are all chained and immobile. They can only see in front of them where there is a wall. There is a fire behind the prisoners which they cant see. There is also a passage where they can walk. The prisoners carry objects with different shapes and figures. They are like puppeteers, behind a window-dressing, because they can see the flickering reflection of the object they carry on the wall and believe that they are real. However the shadowy representations are not the real image. The plot offers a twist. Socrates is to free one of the prisoners from his chains, so that he can turn around and see that the images which his fellow prisoners believe to be true are only reflections produced from the fire behind them. The liberated prisoner will also be allowed to exit the cave. The light of the sun to which his eyes are not accustomed may blind him. Now in the outside world, he can see different dimensions like the reflection of his image in the water. The prisoner now learns how wrong his fellow cave companions were. However, even if the enlightened attempts to explain the true nature of the shadowy images and the real ones, the other prisoners will not believe him, because they dont hold any other perceptions of the world in order to compare the two. One of Platos predominant ideas (and of Socrates too) is that of the form of things. This is explained in the allegory with the help of reflections. The world consists of forms – ideal and perfect, however people can only filter them as reflections through their eyes. Thus, human beings can grasp half images of these reflections

Name etymology theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Name etymology theme - Essay Example Neither of these names is rare or unusual for my country, yet there are some interesting points to concentrate upon while researching their etymology. First of all, I would like to mention that my first name, Mai, actually exists in several different cultures and languages. For instance, Mai is as popular Japanese name meaning "brightness" (www.babynames.com). In some languages of the Native Americans, Mai meant "coyote" (www.babynameworld.com). Mai can be regarded as a pet name from Margaret (from Latin "pearl") or Mary (from Hebrew "bitter" or Latin "the star of the ocean"). The name Mai exits in the Swedish and Chinese languages as well. In Vietnam, the names given to the girls normally have literal meanings associated with beauty or art - very often the etymology of the names is connected with the names of flowers, plants or birds. So, my name Mai in Vietnamese means "cherry blossom". (Female Vietnamese names) In Vietnamese, Mai is a very popular name for girls, and as far as my family's history is concerned, the reason why I was given this name was that my Dad obviously wanted me to be very much like my Mum whose middle name is Mai as well, and therefore he insisted that I should be named this way. Thi is, according to the research, the most popular female middle name, and it means "ancestry", "clan".

Ethics in Free Market Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics in Free Market Economy - Research Paper Example Social justice issues related to the costs of group membership can come up in any size of a group. Benefits of group membership are also allocated through social justice mechanisms. There are certain distributive principles of social justice out of which Neo-liberal or Libertarian view will be discussed (Barusch, 2009). (Somerville & Sprigings, 2005) The distributive principle of libertarian concept says: From each according to his choice; to each according to his product (Barusch, 2009). Allocation of resources according to a product is central under the libertarian view of distribution. Libertarians believe in liberty over equality. They are of the opinion that inequality is acceptable and fosters social being and welfare in a society. Equal treatment in distribution ultimately leads to unequal distribution of resources. This is the price for freedom and government need not interfere (Barusch, 2009). Libertarians focus on the benefits of a free market over a system controlled by th e government. The reason being a free market society enjoys greater productivity among its workers and greater incentive to generate capital (Barusch, 2009). Free Market Economy Supporters of the free market economy claim that individuals should be allowed to make contracts with others regarding wages and prices and profits. People should be free to compete with each other to gain maximum benefit. They believe that if markets are set free, the outcome will be just and fair distribution of gains and responsibilities in society. People who support a free market economy will never support unregulated markets (Finifter, 2009). Free markets ensure the efficient distribution of goods to those who grab the opportunities to obtain their desired products and services. Free markets operate on people’s demands. They produce only those products which are demanded by the consumers. Consumers set their desired price. Free markets work for people, for the betterment and welfare of the socie ty (Boyes & Melvin, 2009). In free markets, prices are determined by both buyers and sellers in the market.

The Workplace As An Effective Learning Space Education Essay

The Workplace As An Effective Learning Space Education Essay Introduction Nowadays society, peoples understanding of learning space is no longer just confined to traditional areas of school education, but extends to all aspects of society. The workplace as an effective learning space, and its learning behavior has arouse widespread attention by educational theory and practice workers. Workplace learning as a form of learning, compared with traditional corporate training, not only improve employee skills to complete certain tasks, improve employee performance, change employee behavior and attitudes, but also to enhance overall quality of the employee, to enhance their knowledge to adapt to globalization and other external and internal environment change. Workplace learning is different from traditional forms of learning and training, it connected learner and worker, emphasizing to train the core competence, and get more and more attention. The rapid development of science and technology to accelerate the change cycle of the knowledge,also makes the work of those who need to use extensive knowledge or the main work is create knowledges employee face enormous pressure to update their knowledge and career development pressure. Especially the knowledge workers retraining and learning become the enterprise very concerned and attention problem. In the 1960s, the famous American scholars Foster once pointed out: the trainee get the employment opportunities in the labour market and the development prospects of taking office, is a key factor in the development of vocational education.Practical courses should be carried out within the enterprise, As far as possible reduction the distance between the regular school and the actual working situation.If you want to have some professional ability, it is necessary to participate in a solid and extensive vocational training; If you want to keep this professional ability and obtains the success in the future work, we must continue to develop own ability. Workplace learning is becoming an important form of lifelong learning. Many soft skills. Such as the ability to communication with others, methods ability, teamwork spirit, initiative and innovative spirit and so on.Its often acquisition in the work of informal learning rather than in formal education and training environment. Workplace learning challenge to the traditional education and the training system in some inherent formed. The concept of workplace learning Billet defines workplace learning as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is a way to participate in real task and members of skilled guidance of the activities directly or indirectly, acquire knowledge and skills in ways. (Billet 1993)  [1]   He put the knowledge of the study were divided into three types: 1. The declarative knowledge is the answer to what it is of the kind of questions. That the information on what things is. This kind of knowledge learning is the memory process. 2. The procedural knowledge is complete how do it of the kind of tasks. Must be demonstrated through practical activities. Such knowledge is the result of repeated practice and practice. 3. The tendentiousness knowledge is decided to do or not do, do what. For example. A person not willing to do something is hard to do it well. Do not even do it. Tendentiousness knowledge is the product of individual long-term emotional experience. In the workplace learning, procedural knowledge often can be directly observed, and conceptual knowledge of the content is rather ambiguous. Orientation determines the first two types of knowledge while knowledge creation, learning and use. Only three types of knowledge with each other in order to become full sense of the knowledge, have real value. According to the perspective of Mansfield, who defines workplace learning from the angle of skill, workplace learning is study method of learners developing working operational capacity in workplaces(Mansfield 1991)  [2]  .He points out that four forms of skills are required in work of learners: technical skill. task management skill. the capacity of planning. deciding,prioritizing and managing emergencies as well as role and environmental skills. He also stresses that the skill is integrated with important components of comprehension, emotion, value and emotional stability etc. A German professor Rauner raised five stages from freshman to expert, and each stage which people are moving forward to requires different knowledge: Know about orientation,general situation,and the contents of basic operation as well. The knowledge concerning to the occupation, that is to say ,people should assure how to connect this job with the other jobs, and consider the reason why such connection is needed. Specific and functional knowledge, which refers to knowing the contents involved in a certain specialized work and make sure how it works. The deep knowledge based on experience includes the investigation on how to explain the relevant jobs in systematically and the further development. Proceeding from the above stages,the learners progress in gaining the professional ability from freshman to expert is no more than a process from receiving information passively to more reflection and participation. Besides, the knowledge becomes more internalized as time goes on, which is nearly close to self-construction.( Smith,PJ.Smith,ES. 2006)  [3]   FreshmanÆ’Â  personnel with progressÆ’Â  adeptÆ’Â  skilled personnelÆ’Â  expert Billet and Mansfield present the definition of workplace learning from the angle of learning results of knowledge and skills etc. with the purpose of establishing a theoretical frame so as to summarize and distinguish each form of learning in workplaces and combine them with work of the employees. Blended learning in the workplace Blended learning in the workplace refers to the comprehensive learning activities performed by adults within the workshops for the solution of work problems and the adjustment to the new working environment, including blended working activities, learning activities, learning technologies and learning environment. Blended learning, the new term takes shape on the foundation of e.Learning reflection features effective combination of traditional learning methods and e. Learning, does not only avoid the disadvantages of traditional learning, but also absorb superiority of e.Learning(LeeZhao 2004)  [4]  .In recent years, there is an increasing number of professional managers and training supervisors in workplaces accepting the concept of blended learning and exploring to put its means into application in enterprise trainings as well as employees studying. Compared with single e.Learning, blended learning can increase training efficiency, reduce worker cost and decrease training periods(RossettFrazee 2006)  [5]  . Essence of workplace learning lies in blending, for instance, employees can pass on working experience through communication, learn technology through listening and observing colleagues and study new operating procedures by attending trainings. In recent years, an increasing number of managers and trainers in North American workplaces start to accept the conception of blended learning. According to the survey conducted by Sparrow in 2004 with the subjects of over 300 training professionals from countries such as America and Britain, more than 2/3 subjects believe that blended learning is the most effective training approach with the highest cost efficiency. Besides, it is forecasted that investment in blended learning will account for 30% of training budget in the companies in 2006. The final target and difficulty of blended learning, the integrated strategy of transferring learning and promoting performance that means dynamic integration of many approaches including combination of formal and informal learning, face-to-face and internet learning, teacher-instructed and self-tutored learning and the digital resource-assisted and aspectant communication and discussion learning, lie in improving studying and performance of the organization and selecting appropriate connections of multiple ways in accordance with specific situations and subjects respectively. Many American enterprises are conducting practice and exploration of blended learning, IBM, for instance, has designed and developed Basic Blue blended learning system applicable for the training of over 30,000 new managers that are globally distributed and constantly on the move, which consists of self-evaluation of online e-learning, online simulation of commercial scenarios, online communities, face-to-face tutor instruction as well as workshop discussion, synchronous/ asynchronous virtual collaboration tools (emails, telephones, instant messaging and electronic white board) and professional e-tutors etc.( RossettSheldon 2001)  [6]   It is obvious that blended learning is a good idea, but is it suitable for all organizations? It is more complicated than traditional classroom instruction at fixed time and in fixed places. In spite of the considerable consensus people have reached on conceptions, namely, significance of learning in workplaces deserves affirmation and its effect can not be ignored, it remains not enough to encourage enterprise employers to decide to increase investment budget in this area with the reasons that it might be a long-term investment career without producing any effects in a short period, meanwhile, it calls for enough and a large number of capital investment, which is only enough to shut some small and medium-sized enterprises out of door. As employers, the attitudes towards educational investment will eventually depend on what kind of investment can produce considerable output, which will on average make the enterprises caught in a dilemma. On one hand, major companies are convinced tha t learning activities can constantly satisfy the organizations demand for skilled labor force with comprehensive knowledge, which is conducive to enhance their competitiveness in the international market; on the other hand, we can not fully grantee that the expenditure utilized in employee learning and training is bound to create profits and benefits for the enterprises, especially that there exists a phenomenon of frequent job mobility among young employees owing to the function and influence of flexible market, and there is no doubt that they will take away with them all the knowledge and skills learned when they employee conduct resign and job-hopping, which means it is a movement of high risk for all enterprises, especially the small-sized and micro ones to overly invest in employee training. Take Denmark, the typical country as an example, on one hand, local enterprises on average are not willing to bear the education and training cost because people in Denmark are used to pay in a full manner the cost of continuing education and skill training by public finance, and they are not willing to pay the cost unless it is an education and training program of special significance for enterprises or employers; however, on the other hand, they have to admit that learning content, purpose and approaches in workplaces will indeed pose great influence on enterprises, and accordingly development and implementation of corresponding learning program is good for enterprise development. Therefore, investment in this part will be gradually increased in enterprises. As for that of general education, it will be decreased gradually due to the enterprises perspective that it will not produce direct economic profits. The above are the double attitudes towards learning produced by companies. Ho wever, they will positively prefer to introduce in quantity such learning into enterprises provided that workplace learning can enable enterprises to get some financial subsidies from other aspects. Learning island In Germany, the traditional dual training system is encountering unprecedented challenge. Many people are for the opinion that under the mode of dual system, enough attention has not been paid by vocational training to learning and training in workplaces, especially that professional trainings of large enterprises are generally purely consumptive skill trainings conducted by training workshops that are independent from the manufacturing process, which separates vocational training far away from practical production of the enterprises despite that it is conducive to the formation of fundamental skills. However, the significance of learning and training in workplaces is becoming increasingly prominent in modern training system. In addition, the capacity of learning and working in a team can not be taught, which requires the learner to learn as a member of the team. In order to change the situation, large corporations in Germany begin to explore training approach that is closely connect ed with the process of production in recent years, emphasizing learning in the working process. It is just under this background that the conception of Learning Island is introduced to the field of vocational learning and training in Germany. Learning island, which is a working area established in the actual production environment of a company, marks a component of real production process from whether the spatial perspective or the organizational one. That is to say, it enjoys the same working conditions and procedures for the solution of work and problems with actual production environment. In learning island, the trainees jointly accomplish a certain working task in the production process through cooperation in the form of groups and teams, and the productions they manufacture should meet the quality requirements, namely, they should enjoy economic value. Meanwhile, as the coach personnel, training teachers provide assistance about the problems and difficulties they encounter to the learners  [7]  . There are some learning islands establishing in Benz car plant in Gaggenau that are separated areas including producing and educating equipments in the working plant. In the unit of groups, learners there carry out work by taking projects as orientation with the content of scheming producing task, manufacturing certain parts and solving logistical problems. The productions manufactured need to go through quality tests and those qualified will be assembled to the cars. Work of the whole group will be supported by a coach who only coordinates and intervenes when it is necessary so as to maintain the initiatives of trainees. Each group is supposed to accomplish a specific work or task goal within five weeks, the process of which will be fed back regularly to relevant groups in order to encourage learners to seek improvements. With the purpose of providing help to learners in learning island, some employees from the front line of production will be selected by senior workers to take the duty of tutoring personnel, and the production losses resulted from absence of tutors from the first line of production will be fixed by groups in learning island, through which what their work means in an industrial or commercial environment will be confirmed by the learners. Only when serious mistakes happen can the tutors, who serve as contact points of work groups and play the role of advisor intervene with the purpose of maintaining self-governing of the group work as far as possible. Work-based learning The concept of work-based learning Boud, Solomon Symes describe work-based learning as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a class of university programs that bring together universities and work organisations to create new learning opportunities in workplaces. Such programmes meet the needs of learners,contribute to longer-term development of the organisation and are formally accredited as university courses. There is a wide variation in the mix of elements they include, ranging from little more than a lightly tailored version of an existing course delivered in the workplace with some work-related assessment activities to programmes which focus more closely on the needs of learning in work. At the more interesting end of the spectrum are those programmes which depart substantially from the disciplinary framework of university study and which develop new pedagogies of learning. (Boud, Solomon Symes 2001:4)  [8]   Work-based learning is designed to use the opportunities, resources and experience in the workplace'(Margham 1997:2)  [9]  . These programs link theory and practice and are underpinned by appropriate professional knowledge and reflective practice (Hunt 2000)  [10]  . Work-based learning can be organised in a variety of ways and often consists of a hybrid mix of activities, however, they commonly include students undertaking a project or series of projects in their workplace. The context of work-based learning The work-based learning is an important component in Dual System Vocational Education in Germany, which has also achieved development in Australia,America, England in recent years. The development of the work-based learning in Australia The work-based learning system is developed with the evolution of apprentice system and trainee system, which are powerful in Australia.In the past seven years,under the support of finance and fundamental training programs, there was a great increase in the number of youths and adults who participated in training programs in Australia. In 2000, the apprentices and trainees who were accepting training are 275,000(Smith 2002)  [11]  .To tell the difference between apprentice system and trainee system, we should have a brief review on the historical evolution of the training system in Australia.Before the mid-1980s,orientation training was the work of traditional apprentice system and involved limited occupations.The Kerribi Report in 1985 suggested a one-year trainee system should be set up for the youths at the age of 16,17.In this system, 20% of time was used in school-based learning, while 80% of time was in work-based learning and the trainees also could receive 80% of the sala ry.People who participated the training in apprentice system were called apprentice, and in trainee system were called trainee.During 1996 to 1997, the number of trainees surpassed that of apprentices for the first time. Australia officials have ever expected to merge these two systems, and hoped to use Australia Vocational Training System,Modern Australia Apprentice System and New Apprentice System to unite the old names.But in fact , it is difficult to tell the difference between apprentice and trainee in Australia. Generally speaking, apprentices training time is longer than two years according to contract, otherwise, is trainee. Whatever in apprentice system or trainee system, the core part is the work-based learning. The development of the work-based learning in America In the late 1980s and the early 1990s, some areas and school districts or schools have noticed the problems in education so they launched reforms in local areas ,began to introduce the work-based learning and formulated various of models. For example, Georgia stipulated in its legislation in 1992 that any students in the grade of 11,12 or at the age of or more than 16 years old can register one of Youth Apprentice System programs provided by public schools(Smith 1998)  [12]  .A part of these models was adopted in School-to-Work Opportunity Act (STWOA) of 1994 and was spread through government. 3.the development of the work-based learning in England The work-based learning of England is reflected in the modern apprenticeship. The traditional apprenticeship was collapsed dramatically in 1970s. The main reason is it had little relation with mainstream educational system. In order to bridge the gap in training employees, the British government carried out a series of vocational training plans from the late 1970s to the late 1980s , however, its youth training plans didnt launched until 1990, and did not achieved success as hoped. Therefore, the British government initiated modern apprenticeship in September 1994. The early modern apprenticeship was applied in 14 industrial departments, and since 1995, its aim was to applied it in all industrial departments.There are three interrelated aspects in British modern apprenticeship:(1)apprenticeship is operated within the framework of contract which stipulates the rights and obligations of employer and apprentice explicitly and detailedly.(2)it includes cultural and social aspects before work and during the working process.(3)it contains school-based and work-based learning system which is an important characteristic of post-war British enterprises apprenticeship.Thus,the work-based learning is also the center of the British apprenticeship. The development of the work-based learning in worldwide has proved that it is a valuable and novel learning form in the recent vocational education and it is fully reflected the practicality of vocational education.At present,the extent of the promotion of the work-based learning is different in varied countries.For example,apprenticeship never plays an important role in cultivating skills in United States.And the 1990s modern apprenticeship did not gain the expected success in rebuilding the descending traditional apprenticeship in England. Compare to US and England,Australia was successful in this. Conclusion and Reflection Through the literature review,I have learned that Workplace learning is more than having structure,but a complicated one.However, due to the influence by too many elements,very few people can have full insights into the identity of work and learning and make natures of the two,with respect to learning or work,influence and supplement each other.Instead of maintaining an unchanged state in the whole interning process in workplace learning,the constantly changing environment, individual and different development demands of learners and the formed learning motivations will present a fluctuation in different occasions.Learners are also workers,and vice versa,so as to realize the required role coordination.The workplace-developed knowledge,which is primarily practical one under specific situation, is not public and can be structured only with experience.As a result, experience and reflection serve as its core elements, and it is of great significance for the individuals to participate in the practical process.Workplace learning, which marks a learning activity with instruction owing to the fact that it call for not only initiative as well as independent activity with abundant sense of responsibility, but also instruction and demonstration of experienced workers, allows learners to consolidate their own capacities through more practical operations and expend them with the organic combination of marginal participation and guidance. Everyday work activities when effectively structured provide opportunities for accessing and constructing robust and transferable vocational knowledge.The qualities of workplaces most likely to secure this knowledge are those that structure activities which assist individuals to move from peripheral activities to those which are more central to the functioning of the particular work practice;that provide expert guidance which presses individuals into accessing more complex forms of knowledge and which explicitly illuminate that which is not readily revealed. Through the literature review that I know how design of workplace learning mode for enterprises, guide and instruct workplace learning in an effective manner in order to achieve ideal learning effect of workplace learning, satisfy employees demands of career development and individual growth as well as coming to an agreement with business goals.The workplace is now commonly used as a setting for acquiring vocational knowledge.This situated approach to learning offers access to authentic vocational activities and the guidance of more expert others . Experience is most easy to grasp in practice.So,sharing experience is also a learning.Workplace learning is taught by one person who have experienced to no experience.Interest is the result of the learning experience,learning experience will impact personal education in the future and the development of vocational skills.Although the experience is the base of learning,but without reflection,learning is not complete.In fact,if the individual does not reflect on the experience,or did not consciously learn from experience,the experience of individuals may not learn.

The Young Offenders Act Debate :: Free Essay Writer

Under fire from the date of its creation, the debate over the validity of the Young Offender’s Act continues. Should the YOA remain in its current form as a part of the Canadian legal system? An examination of the reasons it is seen as being ineffective, the need for change, and the suggested amendments and substitutes will provide an accurate picture of the situation from which a conclusion can be drawn. The young offenders act in its current form is nearly optimal. However, there enough reasons for its alteration that a serious consideration of amendments should be considered. There are a number of reasons why the YOA has been seen as ineffective. There is, in the public, a widespread perception that the YOA is not working at all. This is due to the large amount of misinformation that is sensationalized ruthlessly by the media (Good 1998 7). High profile cases of violent offenders leak, and, lacking details, the media presents an incomplete account of details to the public. As a result some people think that there are kids who know how to â€Å"beat the system† and are now out committing crimes with no fear of being seriously reprimanded. But, as one analyst and researcher reports â€Å"There are virtually no data †¦ that would permit an examination of this assumption† (Peterson-Badali and Koegl 1998 p127). Since once of the functions of the act is to protect the public, their fears are one a problem that needs to be addressed in any amendments that may go forward. There is, however, debate over the need for change. Some say the current act is much too easy on youths and that they’re getting away with too much. There are reasons situations, such as these misinterpreted ones, have come about. The YOA was designed keeping youth protection in mind, and experts in the area tend to refer to the fact that â€Å"†¦repeated studies have shown that it is not the severity of punishment which deters crime, but the certainty of it† (Daunt 1998 7). Therefore it is not surprising that thousands of good kids have been helped, and not hindered, by the current legislation on their way to a productive life (Good 1998 171). As well, the current YOA does have serious consequences for violent offenders, many of them ending up in adult court (Daunt 1998 7). One may also begin to see a bit of a trend: The introduction of the YOA in 1984 was to assuage the publics perception of a weak Juvenile Delinquents Act and promised increased penalties for you th offenders (Daunt 1998 7).

Abuse of animals Essay

Most of us, grew up taking family trips to the circus, zoo, marine park or rodeo. Seeing animals held captive for human amusement was part of life. We never questioned it. While it is assumed that all humans, unless they have committed crimes against society, deserve freedom, we are not used to making that assumption for members of other species. We should ask ourselves why not. What have the animals in a zoo or marine park done to deserve their jail sentences, or the elephants in a circus done to deserve lives spent mostly in chains? For thousands of years, animals have been used to entertain humans in sporting events, rodeos, hunting and in circuses. They have been hurt and many have even died. Using animals in sports raises concerns for animals rights.1 Therefore, the use of animals for entertainment or sport should be banned. Now days there are many things other than animals to entertain humans such as computers, phones, games and so on. So why do we need animals? When animals are used in circus’ they have to travel in some sort of truck where they will be kept in a cage. The circus might be poor or unpopular. So the poorer the less the animals will be fed and the less they’re paid attention to. For some entertainment animals are killed, this is wrong. We need more wild life not less. Animals should not be treated like this it is wrong and really not at all necessary! To take part in circuses, animals have to be taken away from their families and their natural habitats, put inside dark trucks and put inside cages. We then take them to the circus or the rodeo to fight and many often do not care if the animal dies, It is just for their satisfaction. We need to stop this and save our wildlife, not destroy it. Why should animals be caged in the first place? They are wild and uncivilized creatures. They have very narrow aims; eat, sleep, breed , die. The most dominant reason for caging animals or birds is for personal entertainment, whether it is a lion in a circus forced to jump through loops or if it is a macaw kept in a cage as a pet or â€Å"companion†. They are kept in inadequate spaces, wild animals have ranges that stretch for miles on end. They need space to run and act out there instincts. With wild animals just like pets when they are restricted in space, exercise and stimulation they get frustrated. This leads to physiological problems, such as pacing in cages and gnawing at bars. This can also lead to violent attacks on the trainer and/or the audience. Most people, seeing tigers jumps through hoops of fire, or elephants stand on their heads, never think about what is behind those unnatural acts. The circus would like us to believe that the animals are trained with positive reinforcement. If that were true then we would see trainers in the ring with bags of treats. Instead they carry whips and bullhooks? Even Ric O’Barry, who once made his living capturing and training the dolphins who played Flipper, now works against dolphin captivity. He is now the marine mammal specialist for the leading French animal protection group, â€Å"One Voice.† That group has shared a horrifying account of the annual dolphin slaughter in Japan, as thousands of dolphins are rounded into a bay and hacked up with machetes. Representatives of marine theme parks from around the world watch the carnage and pay the killers for the best looking dolphins for the tourist industry.2 Animals are harmed when used as objects of entertainment, no matter how innocent that entertainment is. The circus is another arena in which human beings abuse other animals. Animals are trained to perform tricks using whips, electronic goads, sticks, food-deprivation etc. Wild animals such as lions, tigers, and elephants are kept in shamefully inadequate conditions in tiny spaces. The necessity of regular transportation means that the circus can never provide an appropriate home for wild animals. These animals are forced to travel thousands of miles in cramped and squalid conditions and frequently end up physically and mentally ill. And what for? Purely for the entertainment of we arrogant exploitative humans. What sort of lesson does it teach our children about non-human animals to take them to the circus and see these great creatures demeaned and controlled by force to perform silly tricks? The history of animal cruelty has been traced back as far as the 12th Century, for example fighting dogs for sports. Dogs are use in pit fights against larger animals like wild boar and bulls. Cockfighting in some countries may still be legal and part of the cultural norm.3In most counties the act of two or more animals fighting each other, such as cockfighting, is seen as cruel and is therefore illegal such as cow fighting and camel fighting. There are also some legal forms of sport where humans fight animals, such as bullfighting which has a long history in Spanish and Portuguese tradition.4 There are several other blood sports in history that were intended as entertainment. The use of animals in sport demeans humans as Peter Singer arguments that other animals may not have the same level of sapience as humans, but they feel fear, stress, exhaustion and pain just as we do. It is immoral to derive pleasure either from the suffering or forced performance of another living being, especially when that being is under one’s power and control. It would of course be absurd to suggest that animals should have equality with humans on the level of having the right to vote or of criminal responsibility, but they should have equality with us on terms of equal consideration of interests, that is, pain and suffering should be equally significant whether it is a human or an animal that feels it.5nHorses and dogs are among the principle victims of exploitation in human sporting activities. The main purpose of horse- and dog-racing is for human beings to indulge their penchant for gambling. The welfare of the animals involved is at best a secondary concern. The Riverside (Washington)Suicide Race67, where horse often die from the nearly 400 foot steep grade of the suicide hill, the riders trying to make it down and through a river. As for the conditions the animals are kept in, these may be good for the top dogs and horses, but in the main conditions are poor, and once the animals cease to win races they are likely to be neglected, abandoned, or slaughtered. Horses are also forced to take part in the dangerous contact sport of polo in which collisions and a hard, fast-moving puck pose serious danger to the animals who, unlike their riders, have no choice in whether they take part. Pet owners can argue that they love the pets they keep as a part of their family, they provide them with food and shelter, something far better than that which they could have ever seen in the wild. Medical attention is provided and ample enjoyment to accompany that â€Å"perfect† life, The pet technically lives like a king. research also accounts to animals being caged along with education of the youth through zoos, what education could a zoo provide if the animal is far from its natural habitat?, the only knowledge a child could squeeze out of a zoo is that monkeys like to throw things and they also like shout an awful lot at observers. Why should the animals be allowed to live in the wild? without a cage and unsupervised? Simply put, animals are also living creatures with souls, they also feel pain therefore they also deserve to have rights of their own. They may lack wisdom or intellectual resources which allow them to discover at a rate comparable to humans however it is logical to say that animals only attack when they are threatened. They don’t search for human flesh. P.T. Barnum created a form of staged Wild West show as early as 1843s, when he presented a mock â€Å"Grand Buffalo Hunt† in Hoboken, New Jersey. The show was not a great success. The 15 buffalo calves used in the show broke through the barriers and escaped from thes with what they believe is â€Å"better† for them? would a human live as a pet or prefer to be free ? A sane answer would be to protest and a human would probably kill the entire race of ali arena, causing panic among the crowd because they feels threatened.8 Consider the following anomaly for the sake of argument, If there was to be an alien invasion and those aliens were more intelligent and sophisticated than humans, do they have the right to capture humans and keep them as pets in their home planet? by feeding humanens if given the opportunity. Fighting bulls have a better quality of life than meat-producing bulls. If animal welfare is the primary concern then consistency requires that if one accepts the raising and slaughter of animals for meat then one should also accept the raising and slaughter of animals for entertainment. Some thinks that thorough bred animal which lives to a minimum age of four, roaming wild, feasting on Spain’s finest pasture, never even seeing a man on foot, is far superior to that of the many thousands of British bulls whose far shorter lives are spent entirely in factory conditions and killed in grim abattoirs so that we can eat beefburgers.† 9 To condemn bull fighting is to fail to be sensitive to cultural differences and to the true nature of the sport such as the traditional Spanish culture that should therefore be respected in the same way that any other minority activity such as the slaughtering of animals according to certain Jewish or Muslim ritual laws would be. Secondly, the bull fight is a symbolic enactment of the battle between man and beast; the matador is a highly trained and highly skilled artist and fighter and takes his life in his hands when he enters the ring – it is a match between man and animal. Finally, since the bull would be killed anyway, it is of little consequence how it is kill. But it is consistent to oppose both uses of the animal. Moreover, Bull fighting is probably the most barbaric exploitation of animals that is still legally practised (in Spain, Portugal, parts of France, Mexico, and, illegally, in the United States). The idea that there is a fair match between the bull and the matador is laughable. The bull dies at the end of every single bullfight (it is either killed by the matador or slaughtered afterwards if it survives); for a matador to be seriously injured is rare and it is very rare indeed for a matador to die as the result of a bull fight. During bull fights the animals are taunted and goaded, and have sharp spears stuck into their bodies until eventually they collapse from their injuries and exhaustion. Matadors are not heroes or artists, they are cruel cowards. If humans are so desperate for companions, We have other humans for that purpose. Hence i conclude that animals are not to be kept caged, if the expansion of human settlement is a necessity then animal sanctuaries are also a necessity. The balance of nature is something which should not be offset by simple ignorant behavior. In conclusion, the use of animals for entertainment or sport should be banned as there are other alternatives for entertainment and sport.

Use of Language in Miss Julie Essay Example

Use of Language in Miss Julie Essay Example Use of Language in Miss Julie Essay Use of Language in Miss Julie Essay Essay Topic: Play The use of language in Miss Julie is very complicated and simple throughout the play and also was written in 1888. The language of the play is Swedish written by August Strindberg but was translated into English by Kenneth McLeish and when you translate a language into English its really hard to make it sense. In my opinion the playwright uses different types of language; and also how the play has different types high and low classes for example Miss Julie is a high class person because she is the Lordships daughter and she presented by this way her language:Not to mention conceit. Don Juan is that your name? Or Joseph, out of the Bible? Thats it, Joseph this shows that Miss Julies language is very complicated as she is the Lordships daughter, in the play Miss Julie doesnt use simple sentences so much, so she shows she is a higher class than everyone in the play and she makes very sophisticated references. However, sometimes in the play Jean uses complicated language as well this shown that Jean has an ambition to be a high status person even though Jean is a servant, a lower class The mistress of everything, the chief ornament of the house. On the other hand Kristen the cook uses a lot of simple language, Kristen is a character that follows the orders and shows respect thats why Strindberg in the play always has her talking in simple language Shes always been wild. But worse these last few days, since her engagement finished This play features many of metaphors, and is a huge factor in this play as well, for example when Kristen and Jean was talking about Miss Julies dog called Diana. Ill, ha! Shes been at it with that mongrel at the lodge, and now shes Miss Julie wont have it. Diana is going out with this mongrel with Diana high status going out with the gatekeepers mongrel low status is a symbol of Miss Julie and Jean relationship by Diana representing Miss Julie and the gatekeepers mongrel representing Jean this is an example of Strindberg using metaphors in the play. Furthermore there is symbolism where Jean and Miss Julie told each other their dreams Im on top of a high pillar, Ive climbed all the way up and I cant get down again Strindberg did this to show that Miss Julie is a high status person but as well want to get down from the high class, however Strindberg wrote Jeans dream differently The nest with the golden egg, I want to rob it. I climb and I climb trunks so thick, slippery, Strindberg is showing that Jean want to be a high class person and shows ambition but he cant reach to the top. This play has different natural and unnatural language, in my opinion I think Strindberg did this for the audience to be enthusiastic and bring energy to the play. But for most plays usually uses very natural language Shes wild again tonight. Miss Julie. Wild showing the play is creating really fast tempo pace because the speech gets to the point. However sometimes the play gets unnatural with pauses and breaks between the sentences There was someone there: a pink frock, white stockings, it was you. Poetic language is also used, where Miss Julie and Jean having a monologue See, your Ladyship, a dog can stretch out on your Ladyships shoulder, a horse can feel your hand stroking him, but a servant in my opinion Strindberg uses poetic language to make it kind of more romantic poem. Questions are use in the play not only for the audience but for the actors as well because they acting needs to be a naturalistic as possible I think Strindberg did this to make the audience and actors to use their sense, Miss Julie use a lot of questions when Miss Julie asked Kristen to run away with herself and Jean Youve never been abroad. Never seen the world. Its lovely, riding in a train shows that Miss Julie is going through too many emotions to start a new life with the servants. Dialect is used to show the audience each character the way they speak if its formal or slang in this play focuses on high and low classes so it must be formal Vous voulez plaisanter, madame. Jean character shows that he is well educated for a servant and impresses Miss Julie that he can speak another language. If I was Miss Julie my dialect will be traditional English accent because this play is really in the olden times where women wear dresses and men wear suits also for servants wear uniform. Kristin I think she speaks formal since she is a servant and have respect for Miss Julie. Strindberg thinks that the play should be continuous, so the story flows straight through because by having breaks it ruins the show and the audience wont understand the message of the play sometimes many wont understand what the play is about. One of my practical I did a part of the play where Kristen found out that Jean and Miss Julie had an affair, I was Kristen and when I played the scene I had to think proper way to say while Im acting because there are so many ways to explore the language thats why language is so important. For my part as Kristin I was kind of using formal language there was no slang but also I was angry at the same time at Jean. I have to think about the tone of voice if Im speaking formal and angrily at Jean and its really difficult seeing that this play is a naturalistic play.

Domestic Violence in the Asian Community and Essay Example

Domestic Violence in the Asian Community and Essay Example Domestic Violence in the Asian Community and Essay Domestic Violence in the Asian Community and Essay Hypothesis Based on research and statistics, it is known that domestic force toward Asiatic adult females is permeant. â€Å"Twelve per centum of Asiatic and Pacific Islander adult females reported sing physical assault by an intimate spouse at least one time during their life-time ( Tjaden A ; Thoennes, 2000 ) † . Unfortunately, documented studies of maltreatment most likely under-represent the figure of abused adult females due to the close and victimizing nature of domestic force. Asiatic adult females may come from assorted cultural backgrounds, including Philippines, India, China, Korea, Thailand, and Japan to call a few. Domestic force is a lay waste toing societal ailment that occurs much excessively often, peculiarly more so in civilizations that emphasize the importance of continuing the household name. This ideation may frequently take to intermeshed households who emphasize positive household properties while minimising or even denying negative facets of the household environ ment. Further, stigmatising issues such as domestic force are most likely minimized or overlooked by other household members. In consequence, it may besides be true that Asiatic adult females are discouraged from trusting on friends outside of the household for support and aid. Positions of adult females in Asiatic states may besides lend to the rate of domestic force in Asiatic communities. Womans have historically been looked upon as less valuable, able and intelligent in comparing to work forces. This position of adult females, although slightly altered within most recent old ages, continues to be a planetary obstruction in the promotion of adult females. This position is peculiarly held strong in Asiatic communities, where it continues to be more widely accepted. Additionally, based on the positions of the Asiatic population, women’s advocator plans may be scarce or nonexistent. In countries where plans do be, it may be highly unpatriotic to the household to describe cases of maltreatment or any other negative happening within the household place. Based on what is already known about victims of alien force, the effects of domestic force appear to be dually lay waste toing. An environment that is foremost assumed to be safe and comfy is alternatively replaced by one that is tainted, of all time endangering and without consolation. Possibly the lone support system the victim may hold assumed to hold is now stripped from her and replaced with fright and solitariness.The effects of this type of isolation normally lead to decreased self-esteem and increased feelings of shame and guilt ; which may do a ripple consequence in many other countries of the victim’s life. Due to mistreat, she may experience she can non accomplish her educational and/or calling ends. She may be isolated from household and friends due to the perpetrator’s fear that they may happen out she is being abused. The victim may experience enormous shame and guilt for remaining in an opprobrious relationship and therefore, subjecting her kids to such a volatile environment.Last, and most critically, the maltreatment can take to the victim’s terrible injury and many times even decease. Literature Review In order to outdo understand the nature of domestic force, it is critical to advert that the population being addressed is non a homogeneous one. Rather, when depicting abused adult females, this description includes adult females who are physically and/or mentally handicapped ; it includes adult females who can and can non read ; and it includes adult females who do and make non talk the linguistic communication of the state they are populating in. It besides includes adult females who come from any gamut of financially impoverished to really flush backgrounds ; and adult females who may be housewifes caring for immature kids to highly successful calling adult females. Additionally, although the focal point of this piece of research relates to Asiatic adult females, it is valuable to observe that adult females of all ethnicities are at hazard of going victims of domestic force ( Yoshioka, 2001 ) . Domestic force advocators have investigated abusers’ forms so that victims and advocators can break grok abusers’ pathological behaviours. The rhythm of force is a portraiture of the cyclical behaviours of maltreaters. It is described as three chief stages. The first stage depict how the maltreater becomes progressively angry, which may include antagonising the victim, naming her names and take downing her. A really big portion of maltreatment is in the signifier of verbal and emotional onslaught. The maltreater may state the victim that she deserves the maltreatment and even province that she likes the maltreatment. He may state her that no 1 else would desire her. In the 2nd stage, the maltreater hurts his victim by bring downing physical and/or sexual acts toward her. Soon after violent episodes, the maltreater will apologise for aching his spouse and may do promises he does non mean to maintain, such as neer aching her once more or assuring to seek aid. The maltreat er may besides try to smooth over the state of affairs by showering his spouse with gifts. Unfortunately, the maltreatment does non halt at that place and alternatively, he will go on to reiterate the rhythm ( Domestic Violence Awareness Project, 2005 ) . Knowing that the abuser’s behaviours are portion of a maladaptive rhythm is utile in informing victims of this rhythm. In this manner, they do non get down to internalise the maltreatment and do non larn to believe that the abuser’s verbal, physical and sexual maltreatment is granted. Alternatively, understanding the abuser’s dysfunctional method of associating allows victims to impute the maltreatment to the maltreater alternatively of their ain defects. With this cognition, victims are able to mend from the maltreatment and recover a feeling of dignity ( Yoshiaka, 2001 ) . It is widely believed that Asiatic adult females of many parts are extremely susceptible to lives of subjection and servitude to their spouses. This belief is attributed to a assortment of cultural factors. It is hypothesized that adult females remain in opprobrious relationships due to the stigma that is placed on them if they leave their spouse. In order to continue household self-respect, regard and award, adult females many times do non talk out against opprobrious state of affairss. In fact, due to the powerful traditional patterns enforced within Asiatic communities, extended household members who do hold cognition of the maltreatment encourage adult females to digest the maltreatment. In a survey by Ho ( 1990 ) , she sought to analyze the impact of domestic force within the Asiatic population, specifically within Southeast Asians including Laotians, Khmer, Vietnamese, and Chinese. The research worker found that the impact of traditional Asiatic values such as close household t ies, harmoniousness and order do non needfully direct the message that maltreatment is unacceptable. Alternatively, adult females are expected to play a submissive function that includes values of fatalism, doggedness and temperateness. Victims feel that if these qualities are maintained, they are demoing regard to their households and conveying them great award. Ultimately, victims feel they are honest adult females who are carry throughing their bridal responsibilities ( Ho, 1990 ) . Within the Asian-Indian population, the definition of relationship is about synonymous with matrimony due to the culture’s belief in ordered matrimony. Arranged matrimony is the pattern in which parents select their children’s future hubby or married woman. Potential couples are so allowed to supply their input about his or her possible hubby or married woman. A permanent matrimony is a symbolism of award and regard, which in bend reflects upon the full household. This is particularly of import for other siblings within the household, whose opportunities of being arranged depend greatly on their female siblings’ conformity to their hubbies. Additionally, for twosomes who have female kids, adult females may digest the maltreatment in order to protect their daughters’ â€Å"name† , or repute. Otherwise, if the household secret is exposed or the adult female leaves the relationship, a victim’s girl may neer hold a opportunity of acquiring marrie d because her household name is now tainted. Some Indian brides suffer dowry related maltreatment. A dowery is a material exchange given to the groom’s household by the bride’s household in exchange for the groom’s household ask foring the bride into their household. Sometimes, the groom’s household will demand more dowry money or other assets such as farm animal, autos or jewellery. If the demands are non fulfilled, the bride may be badly mistreated physically, verbally and sexually by her new groom and in-laws ( BBC Network, 2006 ) . The article Domestic Violence and Asian Immigrant Women by M. Yoshioka ( 2001 ) , explores the Asiatic community’s attitudes toward domestic force. The research worker besides desires to understand psychosocial factors sing domestic force within this population. Specifically, the survey was developed to look at three countries that involved abuser blessing of maltreatment: situation-specific blessing of force ; indorsement of male privilege ; and perceived options to mistreat. The scene of the survey takes topographic point in New York, which compels the research worker to present inquiries sing Asiatic families’ positions and battles with domestic force in the context of an immigrant state. Yoshiaka besides implemented an assessment tool that was specifically created to garner information about attitudes sing maltreatment titled, the Revised Attitudes toward Wife Abuse Scale ( RAWA ) , which was developed by Yoshiaka and DiNoia ( 1999 ) . In order to develop this appraisal tool, 650 studies of Chinese, Cambodian, Korean, Vietnamese, and South Asiatic grownups were gathered. Immigrant households contend with many obstructions. Abusive environments further complicate the hurdlings that exist for adult females who are taken out of their familiar fatherland elements. Based on these kineticss, victims of maltreatment in this type of environment are farther stray due to possible separation from household of beginning, linguistic communication barrier, and deficiency of cognition about the host country’s position of maltreatment and proviso of supportive services. Research workers found that it is a â€Å"complex interweaving of cultural, environmental, and interpersonal factors† that contribute to the possibility for domestic force within the immigrant population. They identify values such as privateness, award, temperateness, harmoniousness, and order ( Hofstede, 1984 ; Hu A ; Chen, 1999 ; Kirkbride, Tang, A ; Westwood, 1991 ; McLaughlin A ; Braun, 1998 ) as factors that may minimise the badness of domestic force within the civilization ( Ho, 1990 ) . Additionally, immigrants’ support system is normally left buttocks in their fatherland, which strips them of supportive household and friends who could otherwise support and advice victims. Further, they may non be knowing of the support services available in their host state. Another factor that contributes to isolation is a possible linguistic communication barrier ( Das Dasgupota A ; Warrier, 1996 ) . Lack of bid of the host country’s linguistic communication could b e perfectly lay waste toing and fearful for a victim who is already isolated from a support system and a familiar environment. Consequences from the survey showed that gender, ethnicity and informant to parental maltreatment were factors lending to greater credence of married woman maltreatment. Males were more likely to back maltreatment, peculiarly Kampuchean work forces when compared with Chinese work forces. Additionally, kids who witnessed their female parents being abused were more likely to see maltreatment as acceptable. Research workers made a concluding and important point, saying that although Asiatic immigrants are categorized within one class, there are evident differences in Asians’ positions of spousal maltreatment. Methodology In depicting domestic force toward Asiatic adult females and its effects, it was foremost necessary to depict what a victim is like. Unfortunately, the general public assumes that a beat-up adult female is most likely quite vulnerable in that she is uneducated, inactive and weak. Some even believe that a victim enjoys the maltreatment. Many people wonder why an abused adult female does non merely go forth her relationship. The world is that anyone could be a victim, irrespective of age, race, disablement position, fiscal position, and instruction. This is why it was of import to depict the profile of a victim at the get downing – to stress that thereisno typical profile. Anyone could go victim to mistreat by merely swearing that her spouse will care for her with regard. Victims could besides be male childs and work forces, nevertheless, for the intent of this research, this population was non addressed to any capacity. Additionally, cultural norms of other ethnicities were non explored due to the focal point of this research being entirely on Asiatic adult females. However, some of the surveies included in this research included comparative informations between Asiatic adult females and adult females of other nationalities. The rhythm of force was besides explained. It is a critical factor in understanding abusers’ behaviours for the intent of supplying services to maltreaters and particularly to supply victims with an apprehension of what they are sing and why. Many sick persons of domestic force are told what is deficient in them. Over clip, they begin to believe these falsehoods. In look intoing the elaboratenesss of domestic force and how it affects the Asiatic population specifically, it was of import to supply illustrations of assorted cultures’ norms sing the positions and intervention of adult females. Although all Asiatic countries’ cultural norms and sub-cultural foibles were non described within the context of this research, some cultures’ imposts were explored. Although it is of import to obtain an thorough apprehension about assorted Asiatic civilizations it is critical to admit that several foibles exist within each state, every metropolis and even every subculture. Therefore, it was of import to research research that explained this factor of civilization. Further, it is hard to generalise that one peculiar civilization or sub-culture has a set templet of norms, hence, descriptions of cultural norms were described with attention and consideration. It should be noted that when speech production of any given civilization, it is non to be assumed that the description entirely applies to each and every individual within a peculiar civilization. Therefore, application of cultural norms should be understood with the thought that no 1 civilization is wholly homogeneous. All in all, it is of import to hold a balanced apprehension of cultural norms that do non over-generalize a civilization and yet make take into consideration that there is a bulk position about most issues. General informations on domestic force was rather accessible. Many signifiers of information exist that aids in understanding the nature of maltreatment and its effects. There is besides a wealth of information about the type of support available to victims of maltreatment and culprits. The Internet is a plentiful beginning for happening local bureaus and support groups associating to domestic force. Information was besides discovered through assorted manners of literature – books, diary articles and magazines. Ocular media can besides be accessed via Internet, videotape, DVD and telecasting scheduling that advocates for victims’ rights and disseminates other information for advocators, victims and culprits. Due to the directed nature of this piece, it was necessary to non merely hunt for general information about domestic force, but alternatively, there was a demand for stuffs about domestic force within the Asiatic population. With this demand came the undertaking of happening out every bit much as possible about the many classs of Asians that exist and to besides happen the most sum of information about each class and sub-category. This was found to be a grueling undertaking, because contrary to belief, there are several categorizations within the class known as Asiatic. Intensifying this point was the deficiency of abundant information sing domestic force in assorted Asiatic cultural contexts. Additionally, small information was found about supportive services within many Asiatic communities, most likely due to the cultural positions sing maintaining personal information within the household and besides due to the accepting positions toward maltreatment. Fortunately, much of the information found did include the many aspects of force within the Asiatic population, such as proviso of statistical informations of how many adult females of assorted civilizations reported bridal maltreatment ; perpetrators’ positions about maltreatment ; prolongation of these positions due to cultural beliefs about maltreatment ; long-run effects on abused adult females and kids ; handiness of intervention ; intervention modes ; and Torahs that now protect adult females against force. Discussion The annihilating effects of domestic force have been brought into the head of popular civilization merely within the past 20 old ages ago. Since so, and likely long earlier on a smaller graduated table, advocators have been working smartly to service domestic force victims and expose the hideous nature of its effects. This has included carry oning research with adult females, kids and culprits ; trying assorted signifiers of curative modes to turn to the after-effects ; proviso of maltreater services ; and exposure of domestic force through written and ocular media. Through these attempts, victim advocators have provided support to 1000s of adult females who otherwise would either go on to populate a life of insulating desperation or instead, lose their lives to domestic force. Unfortunately, the sum of information and support services that are available vary widely based on victims’ geographical location, mostly due to the degree of tolerance toward domestic force. Naturally, the more a society believes an act is a offense, the more intensive the work toward stoping it. However, other factors exist that inhibit farther research toward stoping force against Asiatic adult females. Many Asiatic states are dreadfully impoverished and do non hold the agencies to either behavior necessary research nor supply protection and services to adult females and their kids. Victim advocates contend with many hurdlings under these types of conditions. Support is non available to make the necessary work involved. In back uping adult females who are or have suffered domestic force, the demand for many degrees of support is needed. Womans who are presently in an opprobrious relationship are most likely stripped of many basic demands and resources. For case, abused adul t females may non hold entree to fundss, a auto or other transit, nutrient supply, proper vesture and medical attention. In order for domestic force advocators to supply for these demands, they must hold the proper fiscal backup. With fiscal resources, nutrient larders could be created, medical attention could be made available, shelters could be built and transit could be provided to of import locations such as places of supportive household, friends, and spiritual establishments. For adult females who decide to go forth opprobrious relationships, services such as transitional life could be made available. Supplying a safe life environment would be paramount for Asiatic adult females, peculiarly due to the deficiency of support received by household members, immediate household included. If a adult female were to go forth her hubby to seek out the support of immediate household, the victim would be turned away in most instances and encouraged to return to the abuser’s place. This suggestion is based on the family’s involuntariness to disgrace the household name by holding a girl who left her hubby. Further, they do non desire to pique the groom’s household by exposing their disapproval toward the maltreatment. Womans who decide to go forth their spouse besides require extra support services such as referrals for educational and vocational services. If they have kids, they may necessitate child care services so that the adult females can se ek employment to back up themselves and their kids. Education related to cultural positions about maltreatment is besides necessary. It is of import to expose social norms that accept maltreatment. For an Asiatic adult female, go forthing her partner is straight contradictory to everything she learned about accomplishment of life ends since she was a kid. From childhood, many Asiatic parents clearly define their daughters’ function in society as kids, as striplings, and finally, as grownups. The ultimate end is to get married into a distinguished, successful household that is willing to accept a meriting adult female into their lives. Bing trained in this manner for basically all of their lives, it is frequently a complicated undertaking for an abused adult female to understand why she is worthy of doing her ain picks and populating her life in the manner she chooses, which includes being free of any degree of maltreatment. As stated earlier in the Method subdivision, it was mentioned that there was non ample research in the country of domestic force in the Asian community. This is non to state that there is non plenty to back up those who would wish to cognize more about domestic force. However, there seems to be a great demand for extended research and probe into the many civilizations within the Asiatic population and the effects of domestic force in these communities. By farther understanding the nature of maltreatment in this context, service suppliers are able to more efficaciously supply the type of services needed by Asiatic adult females. Decision Domestic force research in the Asiatic population is still in its babyhood. Sing that fact that domestic force has non been intended to for so long provides a clip frame that suggests that although there is non an copiousness of work toward go toing to Asian victims, there have been some concrete attempts in its patterned advance. Diging into the elaboratenesss of domestic force within this population is no easy undertaking, and will non be traveling frontward. There are many hinderances to deriving Swift and accurate information about Asiatic women’s agony, although it is desperately needed. One of the biggest hurdlings that have been discussed within this research is Asians’ cultural positions sing secretiveness of household problems. A adult female is non merely bewraying her hubby if she discloses maltreatment, but she is besides dishonoring both her in-laws and her household of beginning by upseting the household construction and name. Although some parents would supply their support in a state of affairs such as this, most would non. Therefore, the victim knows she has nowhere to travel. Not merely is household name at interest. Intensifying this force per unit area is the fact that adult females are non extremely regarded within most Asiatic civilizations. Therefore, no 1 considers her desires and demands. Alternatively, she must make as she is commanded, which normally involves carry throughing caretaking duties for other members of the household. A adult female in Asiatic society is considered likewise as a kid. She does non hold many accomplishments that would be utile other than family duties, she must be watched, and she is non knowing about many topics. Based on this mentality, how is it possible to penetrate that she may necessitate to be attended to properly? For any societal alteration to happen towards the intervention of Asiatic adult females, it is a necessity that positions of adult females themselves besides change. In speech production of adult females who suffer from spousal maltreatment, it is critical to discourse the effects of maltreatment of others in the place that are besides sing the maltreatment. Children are peculiarly susceptible to inaccurate methods of covering with life fortunes due to inexperience. Therefore, those who are besides sing maltreatment or even witnessing it learn that force is the reply to life’s obstructions. Further, kids of abused adult females do non hold high respect for their female parents due to their observation that she is being mistreated by their male parent. Therefore, they excessively learn to go opprobrious toward their female parents, and in bend continue to reiterate the rhythm of maltreatment. In kernel, they inherit this lay waste toing method of covering with life throughout childhood and on into maturity. Childs who were one time victims and/or informants of domestic maltreatment now become the culprits, merely due to the deficiency of co gnition that options exist. Intervention is perfectly necessary to protect abused adult females. However, for long-run addition, intercession is besides indispensable. Without an mentality toward the hereafter, there will be no terminal to force, but alternatively merely binding of hurting and agony that has already occurred. There is no warrant that bar work will diminish the prevalence of domestic force in Asiatic households, peculiarly due to strong positions opposing the thought of sing adult females every bit. However, there is great possibility that given clip, positions will alter and come on will be made. It is a hard yet brave and applaudable effort to try to eliminate maltreatment from the lives of Asiatic adult females. However, as seen within this research, the world presently remains that go forthing a relationship may non look to be the most appealing option for adult females who have received life-long preparation to give their lives to servitude to their partners. Additionally, they besides know that there are few positive options to go forthing their partner. They may be destitute with no support from their households of beginning. They have no beginning of fiscal or emotional support. They may put on the line of all time seeing their kids once more. And most unfortunately, they are jeopardizing their lives by trying to go forth. Thousands of instances are reported in the United States and United Kingdom saying that adult females have lost their lives to spousal maltreatment. In these states, most people agree that this is a atrocious calamity and work toward altering the hap pening of such flagitious offenses. Alternatively, Asiatic communities have really high tolerance and so credence of domestic force to the extent that really few people openly show their disgust against it. In fact, it is encouraged and applauded. It is seen as being a well-deserved and appropriate penalty. Womans can good anticipate being burned to decease on history of their parents’ inability to pay off the groom’s household. A adult female can be openly beaten without neither household nor aliens trying to set an terminal to it. How so can it be stopped? Ending an evil such as this without a sense of societal duty is highly hard. Further, work with maltreaters is about impossible, cognizing that this method of associating to spouses has been cultivated and accepted in the heads of Asiatic work forces. Furthermore, because the Asian community believes in deciding familial issues amongst each other, many maltreaters would non be receptive to reding. Even in the instance that an maltreater agreed to seek guidance, other household members may non be supportive of this type of declaration, alternatively sing it as disloyalty and forsaking of the household. Due to the copiousness of obstructions to stoping force in the Asian community, it becomes clear that maltreatment toward adult females within the Asiatic population will certainly be maintained for now. However, it is besides hopeful to province that advancement will be made, based on the advancement that has already been achieved. Although advancement is really slow and despite the many frights that they are postulating with, it is promoting to cognize that adult females have begun talking out against maltreatment. Mentions Asiatic Task Force against Domestic Violence. Boston, MA. asiandv @ atask.org. BBC Asian Network ( 2005 ) . Asiatic adult females and domestic force. www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/features/hh/awadv. Das Dasgupota A ; Warrier. ( 1996 ) . Domestic Violence in the South Asiatic Immigrant Community. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 9:3. 173-185. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, USA. Domestic Violence Awareness Project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence ( 2005 ) . Domestic Violence Awareness: Action for Social Change. Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Ho, C. K. ( 1990 ) . An analysis of domestic force in Asiatic American communities: A multicultural attack to guidance.Women A ; Therapy, 9( 1-2 ) , 129-150. Hofstede, G. ( 1984 ) . Culture’s effects: International differences in work related values, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Kahle, L. R. ( 1983 ) . Social values and societal alteration: Adaptation to life in America. New York: Praeger. Kirkbride, Tang, A ; Westwood. ( 1991 ) . McLaughlin, L.A. A ; Braun, K.L. ( 1998 ) . Asiatic and Pacific Islander Cultural Values: Considerations for Health Care Decision Making, 23. Health and Social Work. Mullender, A. Rethinking Domestic Violence: The Social Work and Probation Response London: Routledge. 1996. Rodriguez, M ; Quiroga, S ; and Bauer, H.M. ( 1996 ) . Interrupting the silence: Battered adult females s positions on medical attention, 5, 3. Yoshioka, M.R. Domestic Violence and Asiatic Immigrant Women. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.columbia.edu/cu/csswp/research/desriptions/Yosh.htm. Yoshioka, M.R. , A ; Shibusawa, T. ( 2004 ) . Psychosocial Measures for Asian Pacific Americans. In A. Roberts A ; K Yeager ( Eds. ) , Evidence-based pattern manual ( pp. 488-495 ) . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Yoshioka, M.R. , DiNoia, J. , A ; Ullah, K. ( 2001 ) . Attitudes toward matrimonial force: An scrutiny of four Asiatic communities.Violence against adult females, 7 ( 8 ) , 900-926. Tjaden, P. , A ; Thoennes, N. ( 2000 ) . Extnet, nature and effects of confidant spouse force: Research Report. Washington, D.C ; National Institute of Justice and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Evidence Base Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence Base - Assignment Example On the other hand institutional changes, healthcare practitioner aptitude, proficiency, education play vital role. Research indicates that challengers disagree about evidence based research making significant difference in health care. A lacuna is observed in insightful approach as healthcare expenses are substantially predisposed by the implementation, acceptance and proliferation of knowledge and technology. This directly influences mortality as well as morbidity and hence evidence-based health care. Research reviews suggest that evidence based nursing practice does sway â€Å"substantial gains† in terms of patients’ behavior, knowledge, physiological and psychosocial upshots in contrast to patients who obtained customary nursing care. It is believed that evidence-based nursing is more than utilizing research findings as it is assimilation of investigations and explorations carried out while performing the research besides patient predilections, the clinical locale and situations. One of the studies conducted by Thomas et al acknowledged 18 studies of 467 healthcare contributors (partakers were nurses in all except 1 study). It was found that reporting method was inadequate and required improvement while 3-5 studies display some development and perfection indicating that evidence –based research do occupy an important position in nursing care and improvement in patient’s well